2 Samuel 3:21

Authorized King James Version

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And Abner said unto David, I will arise and go, and will gather all Israel unto my lord the king, that they may make a league with thee, and that thou mayest reign over all that thine heart desireth. And David sent Abner away; and he went in peace.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר said H559
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 27
to say (used with great latitude)
אַבְנֵ֖ר Abner H74
אַבְנֵ֖ר Abner
Strong's: H74
Word #: 2 of 27
abner, an israelite
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 3 of 27
near, with or among; often in general, to
דָּוִ֛ד And David H1732
דָּוִ֛ד And David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 4 of 27
david, the youngest son of jesse
אָק֣וּמָה׀ I will arise H6965
אָק֣וּמָה׀ I will arise
Strong's: H6965
Word #: 5 of 27
to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
וְֽאֵלֵ֡כָה H1980
וְֽאֵלֵ֡כָה
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 6 of 27
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
וְאֶקְבְּצָה֩ and will gather H6908
וְאֶקְבְּצָה֩ and will gather
Strong's: H6908
Word #: 7 of 27
to grasp, i.e., collect
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 8 of 27
near, with or among; often in general, to
אֲדֹנִ֨י unto my lord H113
אֲדֹנִ֨י unto my lord
Strong's: H113
Word #: 9 of 27
sovereign, i.e., controller (human or divine)
הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ the king H4428
הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 10 of 27
a king
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 11 of 27
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 12 of 27
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל all Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל all Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 13 of 27
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
וְיִכְרְת֤וּ that they may make H3772
וְיִכְרְת֤וּ that they may make
Strong's: H3772
Word #: 14 of 27
to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e., make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutt
אִתְּךָ֙ H854
אִתְּךָ֙
Strong's: H854
Word #: 15 of 27
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
בְּרִ֔ית a league H1285
בְּרִ֔ית a league
Strong's: H1285
Word #: 16 of 27
a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)
וּמָ֣לַכְתָּ֔ with thee and that thou mayest reign H4427
וּמָ֣לַכְתָּ֔ with thee and that thou mayest reign
Strong's: H4427
Word #: 17 of 27
to reign; hence (by implication) to take counsel
בְּכֹ֥ל H3605
בְּכֹ֥ל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 18 of 27
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 19 of 27
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
תְּאַוֶּ֖ה desireth H183
תְּאַוֶּ֖ה desireth
Strong's: H183
Word #: 20 of 27
to wish for
נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ over all that thine heart H5315
נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ over all that thine heart
Strong's: H5315
Word #: 21 of 27
properly, a breathing creature, i.e., animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or ment
וַיְּשַׁלַּ֥ח away H7971
וַיְּשַׁלַּ֥ח away
Strong's: H7971
Word #: 22 of 27
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
דָּוִ֛ד And David H1732
דָּוִ֛ד And David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 23 of 27
david, the youngest son of jesse
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 24 of 27
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אַבְנֵ֖ר Abner H74
אַבְנֵ֖ר Abner
Strong's: H74
Word #: 25 of 27
abner, an israelite
וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ H1980
וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ
Strong's: H1980
Word #: 26 of 27
to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
בְּשָׁלֽוֹם׃ in peace H7965
בְּשָׁלֽוֹם׃ in peace
Strong's: H7965
Word #: 27 of 27
safe, i.e., (figuratively) well, happy, friendly; also (abstractly) welfare, i.e., health, prosperity, peace

Analysis & Commentary

And Abner said unto David, I will arise and go, and will gather all Israel unto my lord the king, that they may make a league with thee, and that thou mayest reign over all that thine heart desireth. And David sent Abner away; and he went in peace.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Abner Defects and Dies, emphasizing political maneuvering, revenge consequences. This chapter illustrates the complexity of political transition and personal revenge. Abner's defection using covenant language (brit, בְּרִית) contrasts with Joab's treacherous murder, demonstrating how personal vengeance undermines national purposes. The text develops themes of legitimate vs illegitimate authority, the corrupting power of revenge, and maintaining integrity when others act unethically.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 3 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding political maneuvering, revenge consequences provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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